Nitric Acid: Fueling Industry, Powered by NBC Industries in Ludhiana
Nitric Acid (HNO₃), commonly known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive, toxic, and strong mineral acid. In its pure form, nitric acid is a colorless liquid, but older or impure samples often develop a yellowish tint due to the accumulation of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). When the concentration of nitric acid exceeds approximately 86%, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the level of nitrogen dioxide present, it can appear as either white fuming nitric acid (low NO₂ content) or red fuming nitric acid (high NO₂ content).
Applications of Nitric Acid
Nitric acid (H2NO3) is a strong acid widely used in various industries due to its highly reactive and oxidizing nature:
- Fertilizer Production: Used in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, an important nitrogen-based fertilizer.
- Explosives Manufacturing: Key ingredient in the production of explosives such as nitroglycerin, TNT, and PETN.
- Metal Processing: Employed for etching and cleaning metals, especially in the manufacture of stainless steel and microelectronics.
- Chemical Synthesis: Serves as a raw material for producing chemicals like adipic acid (for nylon production) and other organic and inorganic compounds.
- Pharmaceuticals: Used in the synthesis of various drugs and medicinal compounds.
- Rocket Propellants: In concentrated forms, it is used in the production of rocket fuels.
- Laboratory Reagent: Commonly used in laboratories for qualitative and quantitative analysis, especially in aqua regia for dissolving noble metals.
Storage & Handling Guidelines for Sulphuric Acid
Proper storage and handling of sulphuric acid are critical to ensure safety and maintain chemical integrity. Here are the recommended guidelines:
- Storage Tanks: Use tanks made from materials like carbon steel, stainless steel, or specially designed plastics compatible with sulphuric acid.
- Ventilation: Ensure good ventilation in storage areas to avoid buildup of fumes.
- Temperature Control: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources to prevent decomposition.
- Containment: Provide secondary containment systems to prevent leaks or spills from spreading.
- Protective Equipment: Personnel must use acid-resistant gloves, goggles, face shields, and protective clothing when handling.
- Handling: Always add acid to water (never the reverse) to prevent violent reactions and splashing.
- Labeling: Clearly label storage tanks and containers with appropriate hazard warnings.
- Emergency Measures: Install eyewash stations and safety showers near handling areas, and train staff in emergency response procedures.
Packaging & Transportation
Nitric Acid is supplied in stainless steel tankers and is available in 50kg containers.
Specifications of Sulphuric Acid (IS 266 – 1993)
| Parameter |
Specification |
| Total Acidity |
98.0% min |
| Residue on Ignition |
0.2% max |
| Iron as Fe |
0.05% max |
| Lead as Pb |
0.005% max |
| Arsenic as As |
0.004% max |
Specifications of Sulphuric Acid (IS 266 – 1993)
| Property |
Value |
| Density and Phase |
1.84 g/cm³, liquid |
| Solubility in Water |
Fully miscible (Exothermic) |
| Boiling Point |
337°C (610 K) |
| pKa |
-3.0 / 1.99 |
| Viscosity |
26.7 cP at 20°C |
